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<title>循环递归</title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/blog.asp?name=liyang</link>
<description>liyang的博客</description>
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<item>
<title><![CDATA[Java Tutorial 读书笔记（Trail Two:Learning the Java Language_5_Interfaces and Packages）]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=liyang&amp;id=6926</link>
<author>liyang</author>
<pubDate>2005/7/2 0:46:05</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<H4>Creating Interfaces</H4> <H5>What is an Interface</H5> <BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"> <P>接口中除了可以定义方法，还可以定义常量（constant）<BR></P> <P>Interface vs abstract class<BR># An interface cannot implement any methods, whereas an abstract class can.<BR># A class can implement many interfaces but can have only one superclass.<BR># An interface is not part of the class hierarchy. Unrelated classes can implement the same interface.</P></BLOCKQUOTE> <H5>Defining an Interface</H5> <P><STRONG>Interface declaration</STRONG></P> <P><IMG style="BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #000000" src="http://blogger.org.cn/blog/uploadfile/20057205524427.GIF" border=0><BR><STRONG>Interface body</STRONG></P> <BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"> <P><STRONG></STRONG><BR>method 默认为 public abstract<BR>constant 默认为&nbsp;public static final<BR>no more declaration modifier其它的声明限定符不能用于接口中的方法和变量</P></BLOCKQUOTE> <H5>Implementing an Interface</H5> <BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"> <P>【By Convention】The implements clause follows the extends clause, if it exists.<BR></P> <P>对于constant，实现接口的类使用simple name即可，其它类须使用qualified name<BR><STRONG></STRONG></P> <P><STRONG>Note:</STRONG>When a class implements an interface, it is essentially signing a contract.</P></BLOCKQUOTE> <H5>Using an Interface as a Type</H5> <P>只有实现了接口的类的对象可以被复制指派到相应的接口类型</P> <H5>Warning! Interfaces Cannot Grow</H5> <BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"> <P><STRONG>Note:</STRONG>Try to anticipate all uses for your interface up front and specify it completely from the beginning.</P> <P>实在不行，只有使用接口的继承了，即对于新方法新功能放在一个继承于原有接口的新接口中，而实现了原有接口的类根据各自的情况判断是否作出相应改变。</P></BLOCKQUOTE> <H4>Creating and Using Packages</H4> <P><STRONG>使用Package的好处：</STRONG></P> <P># You and other programmers can easily determine that these classes and interfaces are related.<BR># You and other programmers know where to find classes and interfaces that provide graphics-related functions.<BR># The names of your classes wont conflict with class names in other packages, because the package creates a new namespace.<BR># You can allow classes within the package to have unrestricted access to one another yet still restrict access for classes outside the package.</P> <H5>Creating a Package</H5> <BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"> <P>一般编程情况下，如果没有使用package语句，系统会指定一个default package<BR></P> <P>解决包名冲突问题：【By Convention】Companies use their reversed Internet domain name in their package names, like this: com.company.package. Some companies now choose to drop the first element com. in this example from their package names. Name collisions that occur within a single company need to be handled by convention within that company, perhaps by including the region or the project name after the company name, for example, com.company.region.package.</P></BLOCKQUOTE> <H5>Using Package Members</H5> <BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"> <P># Refer to the member by its long (qualified) name<BR># Import the package member<BR># Import the members entire package<BR></P> <P>系统直接引入的包有：<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; * The java.langpackage<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; * The current package by default</P></BLOCKQUOTE> <H5>Managing Source and Class Files</H5> <BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"> <P>hierarchical file systems<BR><STRONG></STRONG></P> <P><STRONG>The qualified name of the package member</STRONG> and <STRONG>the path name to the file</STRONG> <BR></P> <P>arrange your <STRONG>source</STRONG> and <STRONG>class</STRONG> directories separately<BR></P> <P>Each directory listed in the class path is a top-level directory in which package directories appear. From the top-level directory, the compiler and the interpreter can construct the rest of the path, based on the package and the class name for the class.</P></BLOCKQUOTE>]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[Java Tutorial 读书笔记（Trail Two:Learning the Java Language_4_Classes and Inheritance_2_Managing Inheritance_3_Implementing Nested Classes）]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=liyang&amp;id=6890</link>
<author>liyang</author>
<pubDate>2005/6/30 9:42:50</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[
<H4>Managing Inheritance</H4>
<H5>Understanding Inheritance</H5>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<P dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">子类对于父类的成员来说，可以继承（use）、隐藏（hide）、覆盖（override）。隐藏是对变量来说的；覆盖是对方法来说的。二者在表象上的共同之处在于子类在其内部定义了一个和父类相同名字的成员；对于被隐藏的变量和被覆盖的方法而言都可以通过super来访问。</P>
<P dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">对于方法的覆盖，要多说两句：</P>
<P dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">1、<SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">The overriding method can have a different throws clause as long as it doesn't declare any types not declared by the throws clause in the overridden method。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2、权限限定符，覆盖方法只能比被覆盖方法更多（<SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">the access specifier for the overriding method can allow more access than the overridden method, but not less.</FONT></SPAN>）</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">不能被覆盖的方法：final方法；static方法</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">必须被覆盖的方法：abstract方法</FONT></SPAN></P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<H5 dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"><SPAN lang=EN-US>Being a descendent of Object</SPAN></H5>
<P dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"><SPAN lang=EN-US>&nbsp; <STRONG>Method must be overrided</STRONG></SPAN></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<P dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"><SPAN lang=EN-US>clone</SPAN></P>
<P dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"><SPAN lang=EN-US>Object里此方法的实现是先检查被clone的类是否实现了cloneable接口，没有丢出意外（<STRONG>注意：</STRONG>Object本身并没有实现cloneable</SPAN></P>
<P dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"><SPAN lang=EN-US>clone不能调用new或者constructor，可以用super.clone</SPAN></P>
<P dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"><SPAN lang=EN-US>equals/hashCode</SPAN></P>
<P dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"><SPAN lang=EN-US>两者必须一起被重写覆盖</SPAN></P>
<P dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"><SPAN lang=EN-US>finalize</SPAN></P>
<P dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN lang=EN-US>toString</SPAN></SPAN></P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"><SPAN lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<STRONG> Method cannot be overrided</STRONG></SPAN></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<P dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"><SPAN lang=EN-US>getClass</SPAN></P><SPAN lang=EN-US>
<P dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"><SPAN lang=EN-US>这是一个final方法，返回的是对象的类的运行时表示，返回一个Class对象；Class对象最常使用的就是编译阶段在不知道名字的情况下创建一个类的实例而在知道名字的情况下，可以从class名字得到一个Class对象，比如：</SPAN></P><SPAN lang=EN-US>
<DIV class=HtmlCode title=点击运行该代码！ style="CURSOR: pointer" onclick="preWin=window.open('','','');preWin.document.open();preWin.document.write(this.innerText);preWin.document.close();" ;><SPAN lang=EN-US>String.class</SPAN></DIV></SPAN>
<P dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"><SPAN lang=EN-US>or</SPAN></P>
<DIV class=HtmlCode title=点击运行该代码！ style="CURSOR: pointer" onclick="preWin=window.open('','','');preWin.document.open();preWin.document.write(this.innerText);preWin.document.close();" ;>Class.forName("String");</DIV></SPAN>
<P dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"><SPAN lang=EN-US>notify&nbsp;&nbsp; notifyAll&nbsp;&nbsp; wait</SPAN></P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<H5 dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"><SPAN lang=EN-US>Writing final classes and methods</SPAN></H5>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<P dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"><SPAN lang=EN-US>在compiler和bytecode level都会提供对final的支持</SPAN></P>
<P dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"><SPAN lang=EN-US>使用final可能是因为security或者design的考虑</SPAN></P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<H5 dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"><SPAN lang=EN-US>Writing abstract classes and methods</SPAN></H5>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<P dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN>&nbsp;记住一点：abstract只能被继承，不能实例化</P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<H4 dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">Implementing Nested Classes</H4>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<P dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">当嵌套类（nested class）只有在被嵌套类（enclosing class）中才有意义或者它的功能依赖于被嵌套类时，嵌套类才应该被定义</P>
<P dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">类别：static nested class和inner class</P>
<P dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">区别：<SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>The term "nested class" reflects the <EM>syntactic relationship between two classes</EM>; that is, syntactically, the code for one class appears within the code of another. In contrast, the term "inner class" reflects the <EM>relationship between instances of the two classes</EM>.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>事实上，nested class可以被定义在任何block当中</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>两个概念：adapter class和anonymous class</FONT></SPAN></P></BLOCKQUOTE>]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[Java Tutorial 读书笔记（Trail Two:Learning the Java Language_4_Classes and Inheritance_1_Creating Classes）]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=liyang&amp;id=6835</link>
<author>liyang</author>
<pubDate>2005/6/27 0:11:27</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<H4>声明一个类</H4>
<P><IMG style="BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #000000" src="http://blogger.org.cn/blog/uploadfile/200562701514985.GIF" border=0></P>
<H4>类体</H4>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<P>记住Constructor并非方法，也并非类的成员</P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<H4>Constructor</H4>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<P>如果用到了父类的Constructor，必须先调用它，因为一个对象应该先完成高层的初始化（<!--StartFragment --> An object should perform the higher-level initialization first ）；</P>
<P>Constructor可以设置Constructor的权限来表明其它对象如何创建这个类的的实例：private：也许有些public的类方法（称为factory methods），创建一个对象并返回它protected：public：no specifier gives package access</P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<H4>声明成员变量</H4>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<P><IMG style="BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #000000" src="http://blogger.org.cn/blog/uploadfile/20056270248220.GIF" border=0></P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<H4>实现方法</H4>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<H5>声明</H5>
<P><IMG style="BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #000000; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #000000" src="http://blogger.org.cn/blog/uploadfile/200562702950549.GIF" border=0></P>
<P>返回值：可以为一个对象,这时要求返回的对象必须是返回值的子类或者本身；</P>
<P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 也可以是一个接口，必须是已经实现的</P>
<P>方法名称：重载、覆盖方面的努力</P>
<H5>传参</H5>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<P>参数不可是方法，但是可以传入一个对象，在方法体中调用对象的方法</P>
<P>当成员变量与参数变量同名时，隐藏成员变量</P>
<P>在java中，方法的传参方式是传值（pass by value）</P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<H5>方法体</H5>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<P>this；super；局部变量</P></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<H4>设置类的成员的访问权限</H4>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<P>需要强调的两个层次，从一般来说，是从language level来实现信息隐蔽；从java来说，是从class level or type level来实现，而不是object level</P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">X*<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 3.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 3.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 3.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">X<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 3.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 3.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 3.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 3">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 3.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 3.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 3.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">public<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 3.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 3.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 3.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">X<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 3.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 3.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 3.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">X<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 3.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 3.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 3.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">X<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 3.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 3.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 3.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">X<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
<TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 3.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 3.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 3.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">package<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 3.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 3.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 3.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">X<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 3.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 3.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 3.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 3.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 3.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 3.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">X<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-RIGHT: 3.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 3.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; PADDING-TOP: 3.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<H4>实例成员与类成员</H4>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<P>类经常与final一起定义一个常量，这样内存使用显得高效</P>
<P>普通初始化代码的弊端：</P>
<P>1、只能使用赋值语句；</P>
<P>2、不能调用能抛出异常的方法</P>
<P>3、抛出异常后不能do error recovery</P>
<P><!--StartFragment --><STRONG>initialization code</STRONG></P></BLOCKQUOTE>]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[Java Tutorial 读书笔记（Trail Two:Learning the Java Language_3_Object Basics）]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=liyang&amp;id=6667</link>
<author>liyang</author>
<pubDate>2005/6/18 19:44:39</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[
<H4>The Life Cycle of an Object</H4>
<H5>Creating Objects</H5>
<P>需要三个步骤：声明（产生一个null reference）、实例化new（返回一个引用）、初始化</P>
<H5>Using Objects</H5>
<P>检视、操作变量：ObjectReference.variableName，reference可以是任意返回一个引用的表达式</P>
<P>调用方法</P>
<H5>Cleaning up Unused Objects</H5>
<P>在两种情况下，系统会收回一个对象的资源：1、一个对象已经越出它的范围（scope）2、没有一个引用指向它</P>
<P>两种用户自定义清理对象的方法：gc、finalization</P>
<P>System.gc();</P>
<P>object有finalize方法，对象可以覆盖重写这个方法，这个方法给了对象在系统进行垃圾收集之前自己进行处理的一个机会，这个方法最后应该做的一件事是调用super.finalize()</P>
<P></P>
<P>随后，tutorial介绍了集中基本的数据对象，包括</P>
<H4>Character&nbsp; String&nbsp; StringBuffer&nbsp; Number Array</H4>
<P>这些都只是tutorial中的介绍而已，想得到全部的信息，应该去看API文档，需要注意的几点是：</P>
<P>1、toString方法和valueOf方法</P>
<P>2、java compiler和String的关系</P>
<P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; literal String：java compiler把字符字面量都创建一个对象来引用它</P>
<P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;concatenation： 而对于像<SPAN class=Code><!--StartFragment --> System.out.println("con" + cat + "enation");</SPAN>的情况，因为String是不可变的，实际上是： </P><SPAN class=Code><PRE>System.out.println(new StringBuffer().append("con").
                       append(cat).append("enation").toString());</PRE></SPAN>3、对象的数组，应该注意在初始化的时候是否给数组中的对象实例化了。 
<P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; btw：System.arraycopy<SPAN class=Code></P></SPAN>]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[Java Tutorial 读书笔记（Trail Two:Learning the Java Language_2_Basics_4_Control Flow）]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=liyang&amp;id=6666</link>
<author>liyang</author>
<pubDate>2005/6/18 19:44:00</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[
<P class=MsoHeading7 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm 3.2pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体 size=3><STRONG>While/do-While</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoHeading7 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm 3.2pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><STRONG><FONT face=宋体 size=3>For</FONT></STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face=宋体><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US>For</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">语句中初始化表达式中变量的</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3>scope</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可以控制它的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体>life-span</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，减少错误</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoHeading7 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm 3.2pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><STRONG><FONT face=宋体 size=3>If/else</FONT></STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face=宋体><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US>?:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">运算符</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoHeading7 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm 3.2pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体 size=3><STRONG>Switch</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoHeading7 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm 3.2pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体 size=3><STRONG>Exception handling</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoHeading7 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm 3.2pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><STRONG><FONT face=宋体 size=3>Braching</FONT></STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=3>标号的写法</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体 size=3>Break</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face=宋体><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">无标号</SPAN> <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">跳出最里层循环(innermost)</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face=宋体><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">标号</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">跳出外层循环(outer)</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体 size=3>Continue</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face=宋体><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">无标号</SPAN> <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">跳过最里层循环当前反复(iteration)的余下部分</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face=宋体><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">标号</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">跳过外层循环的当前反复</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体 size=3>return</FONT></SPAN></P>]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[Java Tutorial 读书笔记（Trail Two:Learning the Java Language_2_Basics_2_Operators_3_Expressions…）]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=liyang&amp;id=6665</link>
<author>liyang</author>
<pubDate>2005/6/18 19:43:25</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体 size=3>Operation evaluate to result</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoHeading7 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm 3.2pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><STRONG><FONT face=宋体 size=3>Arithmetic Operators</FONT></STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=3>结果的数据类型依赖于操作数，其实也是一个优先级，按照精度的高低，由浮点到整型，由double到float，由long到int</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US>+op-&gt;int,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">字符串</SPAN> <SPAN lang=EN-US>–op</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US><EM><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN class=Title><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US><EM><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US>for(int i=arrayOfInts.length;--i&gt;0;)</SPAN></FONT></FONT></EM></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></EM></SPAN></FONT></FONT> 
<P></P>
<P></P><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体 size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US><STRONG><FONT face=宋体 size=3>Relational and Conditional Operators</FONT></STRONG></SPAN></FONT></SPAN> 
<P></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体 size=3>&amp;&amp; vs &amp;<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>|| vs |</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoHeading7 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm 3.2pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><STRONG><FONT face=宋体 size=3>Shift and Logic Operators</FONT></STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体 size=3>Useful for managing sets of boolean flags</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体 size=3>&amp; |</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoHeading7 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm 3.2pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><STRONG><FONT face=宋体 size=3>Assignment Operators</FONT></STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=3>简写</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoHeading7 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm 3.2pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体 size=3><STRONG>Other Operators</STRONG></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoHeading7 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm 3.2pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><STRONG><FONT face=宋体 size=3>Expression,Statements and Blocks</FONT></STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体 size=3>Expression</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体 size=3>Variables、operators、method calls</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体 size=3>表达式的两个功能：计算、返回值</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体 size=3>优先级表</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US>
<P><FONT face=宋体 size=3></FONT></P></SPAN>
<P></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体 size=3></FONT></P>
<P></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体 size=3></FONT></P>
<P></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体 size=3></FONT></P>
<P></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体 size=3></FONT></P>
<P></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体 size=3></FONT></P>
<P></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体 size=3></FONT></P>
<P></P>
<P><FONT face=宋体 size=3></FONT></P>
<P></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体 size=3></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体 size=3>Statement</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体 size=3>相当于语言的“句子”（sentence）</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体 size=3>类型：</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体 size=3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 表达式:赋值；++或者--的使用；方法调用；对象创建；</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体 size=3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 声明；</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face=宋体><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 控制流</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[Java Tutorial 读书笔记（Trail Two:Learning the Java Language_1_Basics_1_Variables）]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=liyang&amp;id=6664</link>
<author>liyang</author>
<pubDate>2005/6/18 19:42:34</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<P class=MsoHeading7 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm 3.2pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><STRONG><FONT face=宋体 size=3>Data Type</FONT></STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">两大类型：</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US>primitive</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>reference</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face=宋体><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">种基本类型</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">字面量（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体>literal</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoHeading7 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm 3.2pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><STRONG><FONT face=宋体 size=3>Variable Name</FONT></STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体 size=3>simple name vs qualified name</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face=宋体><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US>simple name</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的要求：合法标识符、不能为关键字、</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3>scope</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=3>命名</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoHeading7 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm 3.2pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><STRONG><FONT face=宋体 size=3>Scope</FONT></STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这个概念可以从两点来理解：</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、变量用它的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>simple name</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">来访问；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、系统何时为变量分配内存</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体 size=3>Member variable</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体 size=3>Local variable</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体 size=3>Method parameter</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体 size=3>Exception-handler parameter</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoHeading7 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm 3.2pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><STRONG><FONT face=宋体 size=3>Variable Initialization</FONT></STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=3>变量初始化</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoHeading7 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm 3.2pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><STRONG><FONT face=宋体 size=3>Final Variable</FONT></STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有个概念：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体>blank final</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[Java Tutorial 读书笔记（Trail Two:Learning the Java Language_1_OO）]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=liyang&amp;id=6663</link>
<author>liyang</author>
<pubDate>2005/6/18 19:41:56</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[
<H6><SPAN lang=EN-US><STRONG><FONT face=宋体 size=3>What is an Object</FONT></STRONG></SPAN></H6>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对象是变量和相应方法（</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US>method</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）的软件绑定（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>bundle</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=3>实例变量和实例方法，封装的概念</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=3>模块化和信息隐蔽</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoHeading7 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm 3.2pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><STRONG><FONT face=宋体 size=3>What is a Message</FONT></STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">消息必须的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体>3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个部件：消息的对象、消息的名字、消息的参数；</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">消息机制对于两个对象之间的相互作用（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋体>interaction</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）已经足够</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=3>不同进程甚至不同机器上的对象之间都可以使用消息机制</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoHeading7 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm 3.2pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><STRONG><FONT face=宋体 size=3>What is a Class</FONT></STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">类是一种蓝图（</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US>blueprint</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）或者说原型（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>prototype</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=3>创建一个类的实例时，系统将为对象和实例变量分配内存</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=3>类变量和类方法</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoHeading7 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm 3.2pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><STRONG><FONT face=宋体 size=3>What is Inheritance</FONT></STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=3>子类可以继承、创建、覆盖父类的变量和方法</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face=宋体><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US>Java</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">类层次：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Object</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">最上层</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=3>复用和使用抽象类</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoHeading7 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm 3.2pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><STRONG><FONT face=宋体 size=3>What is an Interface</FONT></STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">接口可以看成一组行为（</SPAN><FONT face=宋体><SPAN lang=EN-US>behavior</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）的协议，其它对象可以实现这些接口，实现即表示这些对象同意（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>agree to</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）这些个协议</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT size=3>在不需要强硬为不相关的类之间建立关系的基础至上可以提取他们之间的相似性</FONT></SPAN></P>]]></description>
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<title><![CDATA[Java Tutorial 读书笔记（Trail One:Getting Started）]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=liyang&amp;id=6662</link>
<author>liyang</author>
<pubDate>2005/6/18 19:40:19</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">trail</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">没有什么实质性的内容，只不过是开题性质的一章，不如将目录列于下：</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>&nbsp;</FONT>
<P><FONT size=2></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">入门的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">java</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">编程先期准备</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> 
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT size=2>Your First Cup of Java</FONT> 
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT size=2>Your First Cup of Java (for Microsoft Windows)</FONT> 
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT size=2>Your First Cup of Java (for UNIX)</FONT> 
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT size=2>Your First Cup of Java (for Mac OS)</FONT> 
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><FONT size=2></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><FONT size=2>简单介绍<SPAN lang=EN-US>java</SPAN>技术：<SPAN lang=EN-US>java</SPAN>是一个<B>编程语言</B>，也是一个</FONT><B><FONT size=2>平台</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US> 
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><FONT size=2>Java</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><FONT size=2>平台是一种纯软件的的平台</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US> 
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><FONT size=2>Java</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><FONT size=2>平台包括<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>部分组成：<SPAN lang=EN-US>JVM</SPAN>和</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=2>API</FONT> 
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT size=2>The Java Technology Phenomenon</FONT> 
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT size=2>About the Java Technology</FONT> 
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT size=2>What Can Java Technology Do?</FONT> 
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT size=2>How Will Java Technology Change My Life?</FONT> 
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><FONT size=2><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Java applicatoin</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">编程初探</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"> 
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT size=2>A Closer Look at HelloWorld</FONT> 
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>Comments in Java Code</FONT> 
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</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[Java Tutorial 读书笔记（序）]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=liyang&amp;id=6661</link>
<author>liyang</author>
<pubDate>2005/6/18 19:37:27</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[<P dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">重读sun的java tutorial，决定这次留点东西下来，一个总结，一份笔记吧。</P>
<P>总体来讲，javatutorial分为4大部分：</P>
<P>1、Basic</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<P>主要是一些基本的内容，可以说是第一层台阶吧。包括入门、语言基础、applet、一些重要的java类等等</P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>2、GUI</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<P>学习java图形编程</P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>3、Specialized Trails</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<P>一些重要但不是全部的java APIs，包括collection、i18n、2D、Sound、JavaBean、JDBC、RMI、IDL、Secutiry、JAR、Reflection等等</P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>4、Online</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<P>算是一些扩展吧</P></BLOCKQUOTE>]]></description>
</item><item>
<title><![CDATA[释义]]></title>
<link>http://blogger.org.cn/blog/more.asp?name=liyang&amp;id=6660</link>
<author>liyang</author>
<pubDate>2005/6/18 19:33:54</pubDate>
<description><![CDATA[&nbsp;&nbsp; 高考之后填志愿，我最终填了第一专业志愿：CS。说起来，整个过程犹如一场儿戏，又或让人哭笑不得。<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 大学本科4年，到如今马上要毕业了。回首这3年半的时间，不知道自己有否在学习上花费了其中20％的份额，甚愧。<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 记得大一到大二的2年，时时刻刻不在想着填志愿的那一刻，怎会就这么填了？多少后悔药也吃不够了。整日浑浑噩噩。<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 到了大三，突然发现大家都在为前途奔忙了，即时是当初和我一样牢骚满腹的同学，也在找着实验室，为保研做准备。忽然之间，自己似乎有种顿悟的感觉——不要再期期艾艾，该努力了。于是，也积极奔跑，也参加面试，也想再寻回曾经的激情时刻。但是当实验室找定了，坐到分配的机位上，惰性又随之而来。又是浪费了一年……虽然也许有考试前的2天发奋。<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 大三的暑假，在实验室算是那3年来真的一次努力干活儿，自然是有种压力——毕竟是给实验室干活儿了，和保研密切相关。辛辛苦苦2个月，算是小有成就。<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 转眼大四了。迎接04级的原高中学校的校友。人说3年就有代沟，不假。他们和我们当年那届几乎完全2样了。不由深深震撼。思索了整整的一个学期。<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 是的，大三的那年，我已经有所领悟了，只是，似乎当懒惰成为习惯，习惯成为自然，前进的动力即时有也是枉然了。<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 想想这3年，在这方面，不过一直在耿耿于怀于当日的志愿；回首这5年，难道是我走向长大必须付出的代价？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 该醒了。虽然当日的志愿不是我本身的第一志愿，但是当时没有人逼我，我没有和任何人商量，即时别人的观点影响了我，也是我自己下的决定——也许是这一生我第一次自己给自己做出的这么一个重大决定。有什么好哀怨的，既然做出了选择，那就努力去追求吧。<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 人生就是如此：循环递归。人们总是在重复着一件又一件故事。当人们自得于自己的成就的时候，他们不知道，自己仅仅是在一个循环里。在琐碎繁杂的俗事前，人们慢慢忘记了自己所处的宇宙，忘记了宇宙的奥妙，宇宙的存在，时空的意义。<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 历史也是如此。当刘邦杀功臣的时候，他怎么能想到自己的子孙有天会被逼禅位？当曹操曹丕比汉献帝禅位时，可会知道“司马昭之心，路人皆知”的典故？当李渊夺取帝位并逼死杨侑的时候，可会知道唐昭宗一家，唐哀帝皆死于下臣朱温之手？当赵匡胤取天下于孤儿寡母之手时，怎能料到宋之天下也被元人取自孤儿寡母之手？当朱元璋屠戮功臣，朱棣杀尽建文帝臣子的时候，他们会料到明末的天崩地裂，明宗室被清廷赶尽杀绝的情景吗？当清廷发出“留发不留头，留头不留发”的召令的时候，他们会想到因为自己的近亲结婚导致清宗室后来人丁稀疏，会想到自己乃至整个中国跌至历史上最黑暗的深渊的时刻吗？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;难道这样，人们就不发奋了吗？难道这样，历史就不前进了吗？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 打住。再写，就是历史散文了。<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 当年看《宇宙与人》，最后一句解说词说得好人类“不会辜负如此厚爱我们的宇宙”。]]></description>
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