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    发贴心情 英语中主动表被动现象

    英语中主动表被动现象

    一、主动形式表被动的含义:
    1、 Need, want, require(要求,需要), deserve (应得,值得), be worth (值得),not bear (经不住) 后面接doing主动表被动。
    The book is worth reading.    这本书值得一读。
    The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。
    These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully.
                                     这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。
    Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).   你的头发该剪了。
    2、不定式作定语,放在被修饰词后面,与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系,又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系,不定式要用主动表被动含义。
    I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情。
    (与work有动宾关系,与I有主谓关系)
    Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住的房间。
                (与room有动宾关系,与Tom 有主谓关系)
    He has a family to support.他要维持一个家庭。
                (与family有动宾关系,与he有主谓关系)
    3、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时,结构:主语+系动词+形容词 + 不定式; 动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义,如 difficult, easy, comfortable, convenient, hard, cheap, expensive等,不定式用主动表被动。
    The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。
    The work is easy to do. 这项工作很好做。
    I found the car comfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种车很好坐。
    That makes poetry difficult to write那就使得诗很难写。
    4、在be to do sth结构中, 这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。下列动词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义:
    Who is to blame for starting the fire? 这场火灾应由谁负责?
    You are to blame for the accident.     你应为这事受动责备。
    The house is to let.   此房出租。
    A lot remains to do.  还剩下许多事情要做。


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    发贴心情 
    5、系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到), look(看起来),smell(闻起来)等,例如:
    Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。
    Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. 良药苦口。
    6、一些与can’t (不能) 或won’t (不会) 连用的动词。常用的有: lock (锁住), shut (关上) , open (打开), act (上演), write (写),cut (砍,切),wear (穿,戴)等,用作不及物动词时,用主动表被动。
    例如: The door  won’t open.   这门打不开。
    It can''t move.    它不能动。
    7、一些动词如sell (销售) , wash (洗), clean (打扫), burn (燃烧), cook (煮)等与副词如well (好), easily (容易地), perfectly (十分地)等连用 ,描会事物的特性,用主动表被动,结构是主语+动词+加副词。例如:
    The book sells well.这种书很畅销。
    These clothes wash easily.这些衣服很易洗。
    The pen writes well.     这笔很好写。
    8、在“there be”句型中作主语的定语如果现在分词时,所用的现在分词要用主动表被动意义。
    There is nothing doing these days.    这些天没事干。
    I see there’s a good idea planning.   我知道又在打好主意。

    Exercises: choose the best choice.
    1. There are many good films played by ChengLong that are worth ___C__.
    A. to be seen   B. being seen   C. seeing   D. to see
    2. The food __A___ easily and sells _____.
    A. cooks ; well     B. is cooking; good    C. is cooked; well     D. cooked; good
    3. The windows of the building can’t __B___.,
    A. be closed   B. close    C. be closing     D. closed

    二、主动形式表被动含义: 

    一)、不及物动词的过去分词只表完成不表被动,因此在be + p.p. 的句型中看似被动实际是主动。
    例如:
          be gone
    The days are gone when China was both poor and backward.
    二)、很多时候过去分词都变成了形容词, 因此也是看似被动实际表主动, 尤其是后边加介词更为多见。
    例如:     be interested (in…)
    类似的动词有:be surprised, be excited, be pleased, be satisfied, be disappointed, be shocked, be moved, be amazed, be frightened, be delighted, be ashamed 等。
    三)、某些特殊动词:
    be seated  = sit down, take one’s seat  就座
    Please be seated, ladies and gentlemen. 女士们、 先生们, 请就座.  
    The woman seated by the window is his mother.
    = The woman sitting by the window is his mother.
    这样的动词本来就是及物动词,而且后面可跟反身代词做宾语.
    She seated herself on the sofa.
    2. be prepared (for…)  = prepare (for…); be ready (for…)  )(为…)准备好
    She was prepared for anything to happen. 她已准备好应付一切.
    Well-prepared for the exam, all the students took it confidently.
    3. be worried (about … ) = worry (about…) 对…担心
    She was worried about her missing son.
    = She worried herself about her missing son.
    4. be dressed (in…) = wear…  穿着…
    She is dressed in red today.
    Hurry up and get dressed! 快点穿上衣服!
    5. be concerned (about/ with… ) = care about…/ be relevant to…/ be about…  关心…; 与…有关联
    We are all concerned about his health.  
    We're all concerned for her safety.

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    发贴心情 
    This book is concerned with the adolescent crime.
    5. be supposed (to…)  = should   应该
    Am I supposed to clean all the rooms or just this one?
    = Should I clean all the rooms or just this one?
    6. be devoted to =be loving or loyal 热爱的; 忠实的
    She is devoted to her children.     她深爱她的孩子.
    Her life was devoted to caring for the sick and needy.        她一生都致力于关心照顾贫病交迫的人。
    7. be addicted (to…)  = be strongly interested (in…)对…上瘾
    He was addicted to smoking.
    8. be used (to…)  习惯于…
    After three weeks she had got used to the extreme heat.  
    9. be accustomed (to…) =be used (to…) 习惯(于….)
    I soon got accustomed to his strange ways.
               我不久就习惯了他那些奇怪的做法.
    Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given verbs:
    1.________( dress) in white, he looks like a doctor.   Dressed
    2. After _______ (stay) here for 1 year, he ________________ (accustom) to the hot weather.
    staying        is accustomed
    3. You _____________ (suppose) to arrive here before 8 o’clock.  are supposed
    4. You can pass the exam as long as you ________________ (prepare, well) for it.
    are well-prepared
    5. After all the people ____________ (seat), the chairman announced the start of the meeting.
    were seated

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